DEVELOPING AN ENTITY–RELATIONSHIP DATA MODEL FOR GIS-BASED ANALYSIS OF RECREATIONAL PARK ACCESSIBILITY AND DISTANCE FROM RESIDENTIAL AREAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/JISTM.1144013Keywords:
Entity–Relationship Data Model, Geographic Information System, Residential Area, Recreational Park Accessibility, Recreational Planning, Spatial ProximityAbstract
Recreational parks play an important role in promoting physical activity, social interaction, environmental sustainability, and healthy urban environments. The assessment of recreational park accessibility requires the integration of spatial and non-spatial datasets representing parks, residential areas, transportation networks, access points, and accessibility indicators. However, existing GIS-based recreational park accessibility studies have predominantly focused on accessibility measures, spatial equity, network analysis, and accessibility indices, while comparatively less attention has been given to the conceptual database structures required to organise and integrate the datasets underpinning these analyses. This study therefore develops an Entity–Relationship Data Model (ERD) as a conceptual GIS database structure for assessing recreational park accessibility and spatial distance between recreational parks and residential areas in Seri Iskandar, Perak. The proposed ERD is specifically designed to represent the spatial and attribute relationships required for park accessibility and distance/proximity assessment rather than to conduct the accessibility analysis itself. The database development process comprises the identification of required spatial and non-spatial datasets, formulation of entities and attributes, and identification of relationships among entities using Chen’s ERD notation. Five (5) core entities are identified: Recreational Park, Residential Area, Road Network, Park Access Point, and Accessibility Assessment. The resulting model establishes primary and foreign key relationships and provides a structured foundation for storing park characteristics, residential information, transportation network data, access locations, and accessibility assessment attributes such as distance and travel time. The proposed ERD is designed to support subsequent GIS-based proximity and network accessibility analyses. The primary contribution of this study is therefore a conceptual GIS database model that improves the systematic organisation, consistency, and integrity of data required for recreational park accessibility assessment. The model can be further implemented and adapted to support recreational park planning and accessibility assessment in other study areas.
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