KERANGKA HIBRID ZAKAT-WAKAF BAGI MELESTARIKAN KETAHANAN EKONOMI ASNAF YANG MAMPAN
A HYBRID ZAKAT-WAQF FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINING THE SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC RESILIENCE OF ASNAF
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/JISTM.1144024Keywords:
Asnaf, Hibrid (Hybrid), Ketahanan Ekonomi (Economic Resilience), Kerangka (Framework), Kewangan Sosial Islam (Islamic Social Finance), Wakaf (Waqf), ZakatAbstract
Kemiskinan multidimensi merupakan cabaran utama sosioekonomi yang tidak dapat diselesaikan secara optimum melalui instrumen bantuan saraan jangka pendek semata-mata. Kajian konseptual ini bertujuan meneroka potensi pembinaan kerangka hibrid yang mengintegrasikan fungsi zakat dan wakaf bagi membina ketahanan ekonomi asnaf yang mampan di Malaysia. Melalui kajian konseptual berasaskan analisis dokumen dan sorotan literatur bersistematik, kajian ini menganalisis peranan strategik kedua-dua instrumen kewangan sosial Islam tersebut. Hasil kajian mencadangkan satu kerangka konseptual empat fasa iaitu Penyelamatan Ekonomi, Pemulihan Ekonomi, Pengukuhan Ekonomi dan Ketahanan Ekonomi. Sinergi ini menggunakan kelebihan fungsian zakat sebagai penggerak modal insan dan operasi, manakala wakaf menyediakan aset fizikal dan prasarana kelestarian. Aspek tadbir urus yang telus melalui pengasingan akaun yang jelas (ring-fencing) dan audit Syariah berkala dicadangkan sebagai tonggak pematuhan bagi meningkatkan potensi impak pembangunan asnaf. Kajian ini memberikan implikasi dasar penting bagi institusi zakat dan wakaf dalam merangka model agihan yang lebih berdaya tahan dan lestari.
Multidimensional poverty represents a major socioeconomic challenge that cannot be optimally addressed solely through short-term subsistence assistance. This conceptual study aims to explore the potential for developing a hybrid framework that integrates the functions of zakat and waqf to enhance the livelihood security and build the sustainable economic resilience of asnaf in Malaysia. Employing a qualitative design based on document analysis and a systematic literature review, this study examines the strategic roles of these two Islamic social finance instruments. The findings propose a four-phase conceptual framework comprising Economic Rescue, Economic Recovery, Economic Strengthening, and Economic Resilience. This synergy leverages the functional advantages of zakat as a catalyst for human capital development and operational support, while waqf provides physical assets and sustainable infrastructure. Transparent governance mechanisms through clear account segregation (ring-fencing) and periodic Shariah audits are proposed as key compliance pillars to maximise the developmental impact on asnaf. This study offers important policy implications for zakat and waqf institutions in designing a more resilient and sustainable distribution model.
Downloads
References
Abdul Rahman, M. Z., & Yamaludin, S. M. (2025). Pengukuhan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Sistem Perbankan dan Kewangan Islam dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan Secara Multidimensi. e-BANGI Journal, 22(3), 207. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2203.17
Ahmed, H., & Salleh, A. M. H. A. P. M. (2016). Inclusive Islamic financial planning: a conceptual framework. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 9(2), 170-189.
Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7-8), 476-487.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (2000). Fiqh al-Zakah: A Comparative Study of Zakah, Regulations and Philosophy in the Light of Qur'an and Sunnah. Scientific Publishing Centre, King Abdulaziz University.
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40.
Chowdhury, M. S. R., Chowdhury, I. A., & Muhammad, M. Z. (2011). Use of cash waqf for cooperation and development: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 4(4), 311-325.
Çizakça, M. (2000). A history of philanthropic foundations: The Islamic world from the seventh century to the present (pp. 2-10). Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hassan, M. K., & Lewis, M. K. (Eds.). (2007). Handbook of Islamic Banking. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Kahf, M. (2003, January). The role of waqf in improving the ummah welfare. In International Seminar on Waqf as a Private Legal Body (Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-26).
Mahadi, N. F. (2022). An analysis of waqf, zakāt, qarḍ and takaful as Islamic social finance instruments: Juristic views. IIUM Law Journal, 30(S2), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v30iS2.762
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Mohd Ali, S. N., Mokhtar, S., & Mohd Noor, A. H. (2019). The hybrid of waqf land and zakat fund development: a case study for protecting asnaf fisabilillah well-being. Journal of Islamic Philanthropy & Social Finance (JIPSF), 2(1), 35-44. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/27236
Obaidullah, M. (2018). Islamic Social Finance Report. Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), Islamic Development Bank (IsDB).
O'Leary, Z. (2014). The essential guide to doing your research project (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Pramanik, A. H., Mohammed, M. O., Abu Bakar, M. D., & Thaker, H. M. T. (2015). Maqasid al-Shari’ah’s realization through Zakat and Waqf. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 17(3), 229-248.
Rahman, M. H., & Izzuddin, M. I. (2022). Empowering Islamic social finance to reduce the burden of COVID-19 destitute: evidence from Malaysia. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice (JMTP), 3(2), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2022.3.2.234
Sadeq, A. M. (2002). Waqf, perpetual charity and poverty alleviation. International Journal of Social Economics, 29(1/2), 135-151.
Seman, J. A., Jamil, N. N., & Hashim, A. J. C. M. (2021). Development of integrated Islamic finance-based index of financial inclusion using zakat and cash waqf: A preliminary study in Malaysia. The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research, 18(1), 73-95.
Shirazi, N. S. (2014). Integrating Zakat and Waqf into the poverty reduction strategy of the IDB member countries. Islamic Economic Studies, 22(1), 79-108. https://doi.org. 10.12816/0004131
Widiastuti, T., Ningsih, S., Prasetyo, A., Mawardi, I., Herianingrum, S., Robani, A., ... & Hady, A. F. (2022). Developing an integrated model of Islamic social finance: toward an effective governance framework. Heliyon, 8(9), e10574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10
