HYBRID DAKWAH FARDIYYAH IN THE DIGITAL AGE: INTEGRATING SPIRITUAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35631/JISTM.1144040Keywords:
Al-Dakwah Al-Fardiyyah, Digital Dakwah, Methodology, Ruhiyyah, Self-DevelopmentAbstract
The rapid growth of digital technology has altered the practice of al-dakwah al-fardiyyah, an individual-based approach grounded in personal interaction, trust and gradual spiritual guidance. Existing studies discuss either the interpersonal foundations of dakwah fardiyyah or the reach of digital dakwah but give limited attention to how both modes can be integrated without weakening relational and spiritual depth. This conceptual study examines how digital platforms can support al-dakwah al-fardiyyah while preserving personal engagement and spiritual values. It applies qualitative document analysis to classical dakwah texts, peer-reviewed studies, scholarly books and chapters, theses, and published community-based case studies selected for their relevance to dakwah fardiyyah, digital communication and Islamic self-development. The materials were compared and coded thematically. Three themes emerged: digital platforms widen access, but digital-only engagement may reduce personal connection; effective practice requires integrated spiritual, relational and digital competencies; and blended digital and face-to-face engagement can support gradual development from dissemination to participation and mobilisation. Intellectual growth guides sound knowledge, ruhiyyah sustains sincerity and spiritual purpose, and akhlaq regulates ethical interaction. The study proposes a Hybrid Dakwah fardiyyah Framework that joins al-Dib's stages of personal dakwah with Salmon's e-moderating model. It offers Islamic organisations a structured basis for combining broad digital reach with personalised mentoring, periodic face-to-face contact and continuous spiritual guidance.
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